Abstract
The antioxidant activities of 70% acetone extract (70% AE) from the hypocotyls of the mangrove plant Kandelia candel and its fractions of petroleum ether (PF), ethyl acetate (EF), water (WF), and the LF (WF fraction further purified through a Sephadex LH-20 column), were investigated by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging and ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. The results showed that all the extract and fractions possessed potent antioxidant activity. There was a significant linear correlation between the total phenolics concentration and the ferric reducing power or free radical scavenging activity of the extract and fractions. Among the extract and fractions, the LF fraction exhibits the best antioxidant performance. The MALDT-TOF MS and HPLC analyses revealed that the phenolic compounds associated with the antioxidant activity of the LF fraction contains a large number of procyanidins and a small amount of prodelphinidins, and the epicatechin is the main extension unit.
The antioxidant activities of 70% acetone extract (70% AE) from the hypocotyls of the mangrove plant Kandelia candel and its fractions of petroleum ether (PF), ethyl acetate (EF), water (WF), and the LF (WF fraction further purified through a Sephadex LH-20 column), were investigated by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging and ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. The results showed that all the extract and fractions possessed potent antioxidant activity. There was a significant linear correlation between the total phenolics concentration and the ferric reducing power or free radical scavenging activity of the extract and fractions. Among the extract and fractions, the LF fraction exhibits the best antioxidant performance. The MALDT-TOF MS and HPLC analyses revealed that the phenolic compounds associated with the antioxidant activity of the LF fraction contains a large number of procyanidins and a small amount of prodelphinidins, and the epicatechin is the main extension unit.
Introduction
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), including superoxide radicals, hydroxyl radicals, singlet oxygen and hydrogen peroxide, are often generated as by-products of biological reactions or from exogenous factors. Increasing evidence has suggested that many human diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegenerative disorders, are the results of the oxidative damage by reactive oxygen species. The antioxidants are molecules that mainly decelerate or prevent the oxidation reaction in vitro and in vivo by terminating the oxidation chain reaction. The application of antioxidants in pharmacology is valuable to improve current treatments for diseases.
In recent years, there has been a great interest in finding natural antioxidants from plant materials to replace synthetic antioxidants, which are being restricted due to their carcinogenicity. Numerous crude extracts and pure natural compounds from plants were reported to have antioxidant and radical scavenging activities. Within the antioxidant compounds, flavonoids and phenolics, with a large distribution in nature, have been studied more comprehensively.
Mangroves are a diverse group of trees that grow in intertidal tropical forests. In mangrove species, phenolics are abundant components, which prevent damage from herbivores, but they also exhibit a diversity of other biological activities of historic and potential importance to humans. Mangrove extracts have been used for diverse medicinal purposes and have a variety of antibacterial, antiherpetic and antihelminthic activities. The extracts of some mangrove species indicate significant antioxidant activity. Kandelia candel (Rhizophoraceae) is mostly widely distributed in the tropical and subtropical coastlines of China. According to a previous study, phenolics are important components in the leaf extract of K. candel and show excellent antioxidant activities. The hypocotyls of K. candel also have high phenolics levels. Therefore, the K. candel hypocotyls may be a good candidate for further development as an antioxidant remedy. In this study, we investigated the antioxidant activities of the 70% acetone extract and its fractions of K. candel hypocotyls for the first time, and identified the active compounds by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses.
Resource: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
Resource: http://www.nutritionforest.com/
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), including superoxide radicals, hydroxyl radicals, singlet oxygen and hydrogen peroxide, are often generated as by-products of biological reactions or from exogenous factors. Increasing evidence has suggested that many human diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegenerative disorders, are the results of the oxidative damage by reactive oxygen species. The antioxidants are molecules that mainly decelerate or prevent the oxidation reaction in vitro and in vivo by terminating the oxidation chain reaction. The application of antioxidants in pharmacology is valuable to improve current treatments for diseases.
In recent years, there has been a great interest in finding natural antioxidants from plant materials to replace synthetic antioxidants, which are being restricted due to their carcinogenicity. Numerous crude extracts and pure natural compounds from plants were reported to have antioxidant and radical scavenging activities. Within the antioxidant compounds, flavonoids and phenolics, with a large distribution in nature, have been studied more comprehensively.
Mangroves are a diverse group of trees that grow in intertidal tropical forests. In mangrove species, phenolics are abundant components, which prevent damage from herbivores, but they also exhibit a diversity of other biological activities of historic and potential importance to humans. Mangrove extracts have been used for diverse medicinal purposes and have a variety of antibacterial, antiherpetic and antihelminthic activities. The extracts of some mangrove species indicate significant antioxidant activity. Kandelia candel (Rhizophoraceae) is mostly widely distributed in the tropical and subtropical coastlines of China. According to a previous study, phenolics are important components in the leaf extract of K. candel and show excellent antioxidant activities. The hypocotyls of K. candel also have high phenolics levels. Therefore, the K. candel hypocotyls may be a good candidate for further development as an antioxidant remedy. In this study, we investigated the antioxidant activities of the 70% acetone extract and its fractions of K. candel hypocotyls for the first time, and identified the active compounds by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses.
Resource: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
Resource: http://www.nutritionforest.com/
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